The Protocols of the Elders of Zion are allegedly the minutes of meetings held by Jewish and Freemason leaders in Basel, Switzerland during the late 1800’s. An abbreviated version was originally printed in a Russian newspaper, Znamia, in 1903. They were then translated into many languages and published across the globe. Their authenticity was questioned and multiple investigations by historians and journalists found the Protocols to have been forged by the Russian secret police. However, they were and are still used to propagate anti-Semitism. Following the publication of the Protocols in the Russian newspaper numerous hate crimes were committed against the Jewish people. For example, the Kishinev pogrom (pogrom is an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group) which lasted for about three days resulting in the deaths of at least 49 Jews. The pogrom also led to hundreds being injured and many women being raped. This is not the only example of anti-Semitism that occurred as a result of the Protocols. In regard to Henry Ford’s publishing of the Protocols he originally published them in his newspaper and then later bound them into a book. It gained so much traction that Adolf Hitler praised Ford in his book Mein Kampf. It is interesting to note that the newspaper condemned the violence against the Jews but then went on to suggest that it was their fault it was happening in the first place. These publishing’s ultimately led to the demise of Ford’s newspaper as a libel case was presented against him and the newspaper by the ADL (Anti-Defamation League). Ford was forced to publicly apologize and eventually shut down the newspaper. Although there was much backlash to these writings many took it as a call to action resulting in a lot of anti-Semitism across the United States. It is quite frustrating that even though the Protocols were determined to be forged, and Ford was sued for libel, and lost, many still used those texts as ammunition against innocent Jewish people.